Chapter 9: Empire and Transformation
Page 1: New Century
War and gasoline engines, 1910
Spanish-American War, 1898 map
Philippine-American War, 1899-1902 map
Page 2: Steel is Power
Global steel production, 1910
Steel centers, 1910
Mesabi iron range, 1910 map
Page 3: Out Come the Big Guns
Naval arms race, 1910
Duluth ore-loading docks, 1910
World coal production, 1910
Page 4: Getting Rid of the Horse
Early autos, horseless carriage, 1900
Model T Ford, 1910
Motoring, 1910
Page 5: Powered Gliders
Wright Brothers, 1900
Kitty Hawk, 1903
Wright Brothers demo flights
Page 6: The Boys from Dayton
Wright Brothers and friends
Wright bicycle shop, 1900
Wilbur Wright, determined pioneer, 1910
Page 7: More People
Urban autos, 1910
Urban vitality, 1910
Urban unrest, 1910
Page 8: Keeping the Wheels Turning
Factory labor, 1910
Child labor, 1910
Unions and socialism, 1910
Page 9: There goes the neighborhood
Vanishing small-town life, 1910
Urban street rail, 1910 map
Urban shopping, 1910
Page 10: Domination at the Top
First Business Towers, 1910
Downtown Goes Vertical, 1910
Business interiors, 1910
Page 11: Disneyland for Workers
National Cash Register, NCR, 1910
Machine operators, 1910
Employee amenities, 1910
Page 12: Beaches and Playgrounds
Atlantic City, 1910
Coney Island, Luna Park, Dreamland, 1910
Kentucky Derby, World Series, 1910
Page 13: Men, Move Over
Women's schools, 1910
University for women, 1910
Engineering schools, 1910
Page 14: Cutting the Trees
Logging, 1880-1900
Hauling wood by rail, 1900
Sawmills, 1900
Page 15: Bigger farms
Agribusiness, 1910
Livestock, farm income, 1910 map
Texas cowboys, cattle drives, 1910 map
Page 16: The West is Different
Prairie grass, map
Western irrigation, 1910 map
Western farming and ranching, 1910
Page 17: Game Over
Railroad boom ends, 1910 map
Western mining, 1910 map
Sacramento Valley, 1910 map
Page 18: Gravy Train stops
Frontier closes, 1910 map
Western farmers, 1910
Mining town access roads, 1910
Page 19: Chasing them Down
Geronimo, Indian Wars, 1870s map
Prairie Sioux Indians, 1870s
Chief Joseph, Nez Perce Indians, 1870s
Page 20: Nowhere to Go
Irrigation, 1890-1910 map
Klondike Gold Rush, 1898 map
Hawaiian sugar, pineapples, 1910 |
Chapter 10: Automobiles, Radios, Jazz
Page 1: Booming everywhere
Roaring Twenties, 1920s
Auto production, 1920s
Henry Ford, moving assembly line, 1913
Page 2: More is Better
Mass production, 1920s
Standardized parts, 1920s
Corporate upsizing, 1920s
Page 3: Radios, Typewriters and More
Radio manufacturing, 1920s
Vacuum tubes, radio consoles, 1920s
Typewriters, carbon paper, 1920s
Page 4: Moving the Product
Department stores, mail order sales, 1920s
Electric appliances, 1930
Brand image, 1930
Page 5: Military-style Campaigns
Mass-marketing, ad campaigns, 1920s
Glamour ads, 1920s
Norman Rockwell, beverage ads, 1930
Page 6: Monster in the Room
Sears women's clothing, 1920s
Sears home goods, 1920s
Sears home kits, barn kits, 1920s
Page 7: Financial Innovations
J.P. Morgan, credit ratings, 1930
Standard Oil, tobacco breakups, 1910s
Corporate giants, 1930
Page 8: The Limits of Prosperity
Urban vs rural 1900-1930
Homesteading, 1890-1930
Cash crops, 1900-1930
Page 9: Rocky Start
Earthquake and panic, 1907-08
San Francisco earthquake, 1906
Financial panic of 1907
Page 10: First World War
The Great War, 1914-1918 map
Tanks and gas attacks, WW1
Battleships, Jutland, 1916
Page 11: America Joins the War
America enters WWI, 1917
Propaganda and Victory bonds, 1917
Americans troops in France, 1917
Page 12: Closing the Deal
Pershing, Wilson and victory, 1918
Wilson in Paris, 1918
Versailles and League of Nations, 1918
Page 13: Relief and dismay
Prohibition, gangsters, 1920s
Wilson, Harding. Roosevelt deaths, 1920s
Prohibition, 18th Amendment, 1919
Page 14: Non-stop Fun
Flappers and jazz, 1920s
Fats Waller, Louis Armstrong, 1920s
Cosmopolitan Magazine, fashion, 1920s
Page 15: Blacks Reappear
Harlem Renaissance, 1920s
Cotton Club, 1920s
Black Great Migration, 1920s
Page 16: The South Rises
White supremacy, 1920s
Second KKK in Washington, 1925
Birth of a Nation, 1915
Page 17: Blacks and Whites
Segregation, Sundown Towns, 1920s
Darwinism, Jim Crow, 1920s
Tulsa race riot, 1921
Page 18: Oil-Crazy
Texas gushers, 1900s
California, Oklahoma oil, 1930 map
Airlines, Ford Trimotor, 1930
Page 19: Going out
Silent films, luxury liners, 1920s
Al Jolson, blackface, talkies, 1930
Babe Ruth, football, prize fights, 1920s
Page 20: Linking Oceans
Engineering marvels, Panama Canal, 1920s
Railroad river tunnels, 1920s map
Penn Station, Grand Central Station, 1930
Page 21: Breathtaking Advances
Women and gender roles, 1930
Transportation upgrade, 1930
America on World Stage, 1930 |
Chapter 11: Depression and War
Page 1: The Party is Over
Depression, World War Two
Stock market crash, 1929
Hoover, Roosevelt, 1930
Page 2: Before the Crash
Lindbergh, Ruth, Empire State Building, 1929
Prices, production, 1920s
National income, manufacturing payroll, 1920s
Page 3: Delayed Reaction
Rebound, before the plunge, 1930
Renewed Decline, 1932
Depths of the Depression, 1933
Page 4: Prosperity Ends
Great Depression, Dust Bowl, 1930s
Unemployment, soup kitchens, 1930s
Farm foreclosures, auctions, 1930s
Page 5: Big Government
Roosevelt, New Deal spending, 1930s
Banks closed, reopened, 1931
CCC, Civilian Conservation Corps, 1930s
Page 6: Hitting the Ground Running
CCC jobs, 1930s
CCC parks, 1930s
CCC roads, power lines, 1930s
Page 7: More Jobs
WPA, Works Progress Administration, 1930s
WPA dams, Hoover Dam, 1930s
TVA, Tennessee Valley Authority, 1930s map
Page 8: Difficult Problem
Poverty in America, 1930s
Rural poverty, 1930s
Social Security, 1935
Page 9: Unequal Treatment
Green-Book for Black motorists, 1940s
Urban Blacks, 1940s
Black unemployment, 1940s
Page 10: Built for the People
WPA legacy
WPA airports, stadiums
WPA schools, libraries
Page 11: Success or Failure?
Federal Stimulus, 1930s
New Deal economic Recovery, 1930s
New Deal manufacturing rebound, 1930s
Page 12: Changing Mix
Rail, shipping, trucks and pipeline, 1930-1950
Track mileage shrinking, 1930s
Trucking, US highways, 1930s map
Page 13: Is Democracy a Failure?
Fascism succeeding, 1930s
Nazi dynamism vs American stagnation, 1930s
Communism in America, 1930s
Page 14: Appeasement Fails
Munich agreement, 1939 map
German-Soviet non-aggression pact, 1939 map
Hitler in Poland, Japan in China, 1939 map
Page 15: Lashing Out
Hitler invades Russia, 1940 map
Battle of Britain, 1940 map
Hitler targets Russian oil, 1941 map
Page 16: Day of Infamy
Pearl Harbor attack, 1941 map
Concentration and work camps, 1943 map
Midway, Guadalcanal, Coral Sea, 1942 map
Page 17: Big Job Ahead
Bleak outlook for Allies, 1942 map
U-boat war comes to America, 1942 map
Russian Counterattack, Rommel, 1942 map
Page 18: Germany on the Run
Germans trapped at Stalingrad, 1943 map
Italian Campaign, 1943 map
D-Day invasion, 1944 map
Page 19: Hitler Crushed
Hitler's final days, 1945 map
Allied bombing, 1945 map
Guam, Philippines, China bombing, 1945 map
Page 20: Game Over
Fall of Berlin, Hitler suicide, 1945 map
Iwo Jima, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945 map
Final surrender, Iron Curtain, Cold War map
Page 21: Now What?
Railroads fade, corporations recover, 1940s
A&P, JC Penney and chain stores, 1940s
Corporate manufacturing giants, 1940s
Page 22: Better than Ever
Technicolor Wizard, Gone with the Wind
Disney, Hollywood, 1940s
Sinatra, Perry Como, Rita Hayworth, 1940s
Page 23: Going Places
Gasoline Age, 1940s
Oil, gas and cars, 1940s
Junkyards, Pennsylvania Turnpike, 1940s
Page 24: Plenty of Parking
Strip-mall shopping centers, 1940s
Bigger parking lots, 1940s
California-style drive-ins, 1940s |
Chapter 12: Modern World
Page 1: The Fight Goes On
Cold War and China, 1950s map
Communism spreading, 1950 map
Korean War, 1950-53 map
Page 2: Happy Times are Here Again
Post-war boom, 1946
Europe in Ruins, 1946
Khrushchev-Kennedy summit, 1961
Page 3: The Future is Now
Tomorrowland today, 1960s
Tailfins and Chrome, 1950s
Interstate highways, 1955 map
Page 4: Decaying Cities
Urban Blight, 1950s
Urban renewal, 1950s
Segregation, Rosa Parks, 1955
Page 5: Welcome to the 1960s
New York World's Fair, 1964
Feminine Mystique, Playboy bunnies, 1960s
Transistors, Boeing 727 and IBM 360, 1964
Page 6: Tumultuous Decade
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 map
Vietnam War, 1960s map
Assassinations, 1960s
Page 7: 1969 Moon Landing
Moon landings, 1969-72
World Trade Towers, New York crisis, 1970s
Urban decline, 1970s map
Page 8: Losing Isn't Fun
Vietnam withdrawal, 1970s map
Watergate, Arab oil, 1970s map
Nuclear Armageddon, Brezhnev, 1970s
Page 9: Welcome to the 1980s
Saddam Hussein, Khomeini, 1980s map
US embassy, Iran hostage crisis, Carter, 1979
Reagan revolution, Religious Right, 1980s
Page 10: Tipping point
Gorbachev, Glasnost, Chernobyl, 1980s map
USSR collapse, 1990s map
Gulf War, Desert Storm, 1990-91
Page 11: Global Village
Strategic Oil, Exxon Valdez,
Globalists, NAFTA, Clinton, 1990s map
Global North, and Global South, 1990s map
Page 12: Welcome to the New Century
Nasdaq Dot-com Bubble, 2000
9/11, Trade Towers, Bin Laden, 2001 map
Shock and Awe, Iraq War, 2003 map
Page 13: Flipping Real Estate
World debt, zero interest rates, 2000s map
Global debt meltdown, 2010s map
Lehman, bank bailout, free money, 2008
Page 14: Getting Better All the Time
Airbus, Boeing 787, digital readouts, 2010s
Internet, Amazon, Facebook, 2010 map
Nuclear power plants, Fukushima, 2010 map
Page 15: Storm Clouds Brewing
Deepwater Horizon, Ukraine, 2010s
Opioid epidemic, 1910s map
Fast food, obesity epidemic, 2010s map
Page 16: Hostile Takeover?
Profit centers, Fortune 500, 2010s map
Global Fortune 100, 2010 map
Offshoring, factory closings, 2010 map
Page 17: Protests Bring Change
Arab Spring, Egypt, 2010s map
Ukraine uprising, Crimea, 2014 map
Obama, Hillary, Trump election maps
Page 18: Recognition for Blacks?
#BlackLivesMatter, Rodney King protests, 2015
#MeToo, Roe v Wade protests, 2017-2022
BBiden, Trump, stolen(?) election, 2020 map
Page 19: Crisis Point
Fake News, alternate reality, 2020s
AI images, chat boxes, AI hallucinations, 2020s
Blogs, Vlogs, influencers, gamers, 2020s
Page 20: The Fight Goes On
African, religious, ethnic conflict, 2020s map
Chinese investment, ghost cites, 2020 map
Food Scarcity, 2020 map
Page 21: One Planet
Internet, fiber-optic cables, 2020s map
Persian Gulf states, 2020 map
Global oil consumption, 2020 map
Page 22: Summing Up
Technology before steam power, 1800 map
Steamboats and canals, 1840 map
Railroads, 1860 map
Page 23: Everything All at Once
Steel and coal, 1890s
Gasoline, cars and highways, 1930 map
Internet, connected devices, 2020 map
Page 24: So Far, So Good
AI vision of Founding fathers, today |
Maps: After 1900
Page 8: Continued Expansion
American military actions, 1800s map
Urban manufacturing centers, 1910 map
Blast furnaces and rolling mills, 1910, map
Textile mills spreading in the South, 1910 map
Railroad expansion exhausted, 1910 map
Petroleum is the new fuel, 1910 map
Page 9: Crops
Climate regions favor the East, 1910 map
Corn is still #1 export, 1910 map
Wheat production in the Dakotas, 1910 map
Hay, tobacco, cotton and rice, 1910 map
Cattle production centered in Iowa, 1910 map
Irrigation peaks in the West, 1910 map
Page 10: War, Stalin and Autos
World War I and submarines, 1914-1918 map
Russian Revolution, 1917-1922 map
First National Highway System, 1930, map
Auto ownership, 1930 map
Soviet forced industrialization, 1930 map
New Deal dams, National Forests, 1930s map
Page 11: Stunning Onslaught
Germans, Soviets divide Poland, 1939 map
Hitler blitzkrieg through Poland, 1939 map
Allies trapped at Dunkirk, 1940 map
Battle of Britain, 1940 map
Italy and Japan join with Hitler, 1940 map
Hitler turns against Russia, 1941 map
Page 12: Allies reeling
Hitler in Russia, the Balkans, Africa, 1941 map
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, 1941 map
Hitler in Europe, Japan in Pacific, 1941 map
Coral Sea and Midway, 1942 map
U-boats swarm American coast, 1942 map
First big oil pipeline to avoid subs, 1942 map
Page 13: The tide turns
Germans move on oilfields, 1942 map
Moscow holds, Rommel defeated, 1942 map
Turning the tables at Stalingrad, 1942 map
Bombing with staggering losses, 1942 map
Allies in Italy, Soviets pushing west, 1943 map
Island-hopping in the Pacific, 1943
Page 14: Final days
D-Day invasion, 1944 map
Last-ditch Battle of the Bulge, 1944, map
Relentless Allied bombing, 1944 map
Nazi labor, concentration camps, 1944 map
Bombers reach Tokyo, 1944 map
German collapse, Hitler suicide, 1945 map
Page 15: Cold War
A-bombs at Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945 map
German, Japanese high-water marks, map
Iron Curtain divides Europe, 1950 map
Communist expansion, 1950 map
Communist China is first Domino, 1950 map
Vietnam War, 1965-1975 map
Page 16: Soviets, Arabs, Oil
Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 map
Arab domination of strategic oil, 1970 map
Arab oil embargo, 1973 map
Conflict moves to Africa, 1970s map
Iran-Iraq War, Muslim stalemate, 1980s map
Iranian Revolution, oil well sites, 1980 map
Page 17: Islam Rising
Soviet-Afghan War, 1980s map
US on the Sidelines, 1980s
Breakup of Soviet Union, 1990 map
Iraq invades Kuwait, Bosnian War, 1990s map
Sept 11 attack, 2001 map
Continuing Muslim world conflict, 2010s map
Page 18: Three Powers
Big Three military bases, 2020 map
Russian proxy wars, 2020s map
Global Chinese investment, 2020 map
Ukraine, Syria, Sudan, 2020s map
Nuclear missile arsenals, 2020 map
Nuclear power stations, 2020 map
Page 19: One World
World shipping lanes, 2020 map
Global Covid pandemic cases, 2020 map
Global farming, 2020 map
Global water risk, 2020 map
Global particulate air pollution, 2020 map
Global overfishing, 2020 map
Page 20: Wealth and Oil
Global oil revenue, 2020 map
Global oil Consumption, 2020 map
Global oil production, 2020 map
Global net oil import/export, 2020 map
Global national debt, 2020 map
US and Russian arms shipments, 2020 map
Page 21: New Concerns
Credit scores, 2020 map
Gun violence and mass shootings, 2020 map
Vaccine-denier regions, 2020 map
Obesity rate, 2020 map
Opioid overdose deaths, 2020 map
#BlackLivesMatter protest sites, 2020 map
Page 22: Politics and Profits
2008-2016 election results by county, maps
2020, 2024 election results by county, maps
Immigrant arrivals, 2020 map
Immigrant final settlement areas, 2020 map
Factory farms, 2020 map
Fortune 500 earnings, 2020 map
Page 23: Digital Era
Internet usage, 2000 map
Internet usage, 2010 map
Internet usage, 2020 map
Undersea fiber-optic cables, 2020 map
Financial centers, 2020 map
Night lighting visible from space, 2020 map
Page 24: Conclusion
Accelerating Growth, 1790-2020 maps
Big Tech acquisitions, 1996-2020
Global 100 profits, 2020 map
Streaming media market segments, 2020 map
World conflict, 1700-2000 maps
Profit centers, by industry and power source |
Gallery: Civilization and Conflict:
Page 13: French Empire
French Revolution, Napoleon, 1800s map
Napoleon's Russia disaster, 1800s
Height of British Empire, 1900 map
Prelude to WWI, 1865-1900 map
WWI, first industrial war, 1914-1918 map
Motorized warfare, 1900s
Page 14: End of an Era
Russian Revolution, 1918-1922 map
Lenin's Red Terror, 1920s
Communism spreads worldwide, 1930s
Stalin's forced industrialization, 1930 map
Rise of Hitler's fascism, 1930s
WW2, Worldwide destruction, 1939-1945 map
Page 15: Not Just Ruined Battlefields
Warfare turns apocalyptic, 1940s
Fully-motorized war, WW2, 1940s
Armor leads the attack, 1940s
Aircraft fill the sky, 1940s
Aircraft dominate the Pacific War, 1940s
WW2, rockets, futuristic weapons, 1940s
Page 16: Cold War Heats Up
Cold War divides Europe, 1950s map
China goes communist, 1950 map
Domino theory containment, 1950s
Vietnam and Suez crisis, 1960s
Cuban Missile Crisis, brinkmanship, 1960s map
Sudden collapse of USSR, 1990
Page 17: Observations
Continuing nuclear standoff, 2020s
America's original inward focus, 1800s map
American humiliation in Vietnam, 1965-1975
America pulls back, 1980s
Muslim terrorism, 9/11 attack, 2000s map
Post-WW2 battlegrounds, 1950-2020 map
|
Gallery: Ads and Magazines:
Page 4: World of Color
Corporate image advertising, 1890
Expanding illustration styles, 1900
Circus posters, 1900
Beer ads, 1900
Fashions, 1900
Newspaper ads, 1900
Page 5: Women's World
Harper's Bazaar, 1900
Ladies Home Journal, 1900
Vogue Magazine, 1900
McCall's Magazine, 1900
Clothing catalogs, 1900
Montgomery Ward catalog, 1900
Page 6: New Century
Wizard of OZ, original book, 1900
Car advertising, 1910
Widening Ad landscape, 1910
Electric appliance ads, 1910
Theater ads, 1910
Urban living ads, 1910
Page 7: Modern Age
Modern elegance ads, 1920
Fancier car ads, 1920
Prohibition era advertising, 1920
Easy living ads, 1920
Home appliance ads, 1920
Steinways, business systems, 1920
Page 8: War and Post-war
War ads, 1918
Post-war ads, 1920
Urban ads, 1920
Color magazine ads, 1920
Hobby and career ads, 1920
Child book series, 1920
Page 9: Something for Everyone
Sears Roebuck catalog, 1930
Sears women's clothing, 1930
Sears men's clothing, 1930
Sears farm products, 1930
Sears home kits, 1930
Sears barn kits, 1930
Page 10: Youthful Culture
Cosmopolitan Magazine, 1930
Women in the spotlight, 1930
Electrified living, 1930
Radios and Victrolas, 1930
Billboard jungle, 1930
Sears plumbing catalog, 1930
Page 11: Movie Influence
Life in Technicolor, 1940
Star power invades ads, 1940s
Science and cigarette ads, 1940
Happy-face Depression ads, 1940
World War II ads, 1940s
Doing our part ads, 1940s
Page 12: Just More Fun
Coke ads, 1950
Image advertising, 1950
Creating a brand, Marlboro ads, 1960
Magazine ads losing their 'pop', 1960
TV sitcoms grab advertisers, 1970
TV kills off magazine creativity, 1970 |
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