Crops

1910
Climate zones
Corn
Hay, tobacco, cotton, rice
Cattle
Irrigation, urban centers
Climate regions favor the East, 1910 map

  Hard Times on the Farm
Half of Americans still live in rural areas. But farmers are often deeply in debt to banks, which provide loans to buy supplies in the spring, and expect repayment in the fall. Crop prices are often depressed, due to tight control by grain elevator operators, and distant commodity markets, leaving small farmers squeezed. Weather is also a variable. The map above shows the main climate regions, which favor the East.

Corn is still #1 export, 1910 map

  Corn Still #1
Farming families generally survive on what they grow, as there are few opportunities to generate much income. Corporations control the grain elevators and railroad shipments, leaving farmers forced to accept prices they are given. Corn is the biggest cash crop, as it has the highest yield per acre, and is in constant demand from livestock operators, as feed. The corn belt shown above coincides nicely with the center of the livestock and meat-packing industry.


Wheat production in the Dakotas, 1910 map

  Wheat Still #2
Wheat grows well in cooler regions, including all the Northeast and Midwest, but is grown in bulk only on larger farms, with lots of equipment to harvest huge fields. Wheat farmers in the Dakotas have the easiest access to the great flour-grinding center in Minneapolis, home of America's most commercially productive waterfalls, with a 50-foot drop. Minneapolis mills grind enough flour to bake 12 million loaves of bread. Every day. Great Lakes steamers transport much of this east, to Buffalo.


Hay, tobacco, cotton and rice, 1910 map

  Lesser Crops
America's other major crops are displayed above. Northerners grow hay to feed horses and livestock, while Southerners still favor the production of cotton, tobacco and rice. Each has a fairly distinct region. 


Cattle production centered in Iowa, 1910 map

  Livestock as Side Hustle
Every farm keeps at least a few horses, cows, pigs and chickens, which help work the farm and feed the family. As traditional farming grows more difficult, however, many farms are now devoting increasing energy to raising livestock for sale. Beef cattle are grown everywhere, but particularly in the corn belt that surrounds the vast Chicago stockyards and meat-packing plants, which employ 40,000 workers. Combined, these operations process nine million animals. Per year.  


Irrigation peaks in the West, 1910 map

  East and West
Here we see the way steam power is fueling growth in two completely different ways. In the West, the BLUE areas are being irrigated with water supplied by steam-driven pumps. There are a few tiny ORANGE dots in this area, indicating locations with manufacturing or mining facilities. The much more generous sprinkling of ORANGE dots in the East indicates manufacturing centers, which are also urban rail centers.